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In a massive MIMO base station the number of Receive Antennas, R, is much larger than the number of Transmit Antennas, T, where we will consider one Transmit Antenna per User in this presentation.
Please observe that the cost of a Massive MIMO base station is very high, since large-scale computation is needed for data detection and decoding based on measurements from high-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters, which are connected to highly linear RF front-end amplifiers for each Receive Antenna.
A way to reduce the cost of the implementation is to build the base stations with inexpensive low-end hardware, such as simple RF receivers feeding the received signals to coarse (1-, 2-, or 3-bit) Analog-to-Digital Converters.
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IEEE/ICACT20210153 Slide.03
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