IEEE/ICACT20260103 Slide.03        [Big Slide]       [YouTube] Oral Presentation
Moving to the core motivation of our work. Phishing is no longer just a nuisance; it is a global crisis. As you can see from our data, over 5 million attacks were recorded in just one year. The financial stakes are staggering and the average cost of these attacks has surged to nearly $15 million annually for organizations. Large-scale breaches are even more devastating, with IBM reporting that major incidents involving millions of records can cost up to $401 million. These numbers illustrate that traditional blacklists are not enough. There is an urgent, critical need for a robust, integrated framework capable of identifying sophisticated, ever-evolving URL-based threats before they reach the victim. This financial and security gap is exactly what our research aims to bridge.

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