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IoV is a real-time and highly dynamic environment connecting vehicles, RSUs, and the cloud, enabling services like autonomous driving model updates and real-time traffic optimization.
So, federated Learning is attractive in iov because it improves privacy that raw data stays on vehicles rather than being uploaded centrally.
However, FL alone does not guarantee trust. It still need model-update integrity, and we need accountability so malicious behavior can be traced when necessary.
To solve this, Blockchain can be used as a trust layer by providing integrity and auditability through an immutable distributed ledger,
but conventional consensus is often too heavy for IoV due to overhead and latency, and can also leak privacy through traceability.
So the core challenge is balancing privacy, security, and performance in large-scale IoV-FL.
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IEEE/ICACT20260208 Slide.03
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