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A useful way to understand the challenge is to contrast underwater acoustic networks with terrestrial radio networks. In radio networks, signals propagate quickly and control information can be refreshed promptly, so relying on the control plane after a failure is often reasonable. In underwater networks, propagation is slow and links are fragile; spreading control information across the network comes with a high cost. This is why, once failures occur, we cannot assume the control plane will repair routes immediately, and we need an instant data-plane response. |