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MIMO stands for multiple input multiple outputs, which is one of the key technologies that is used in current 4G LTE networks. massive MIMO is an extension, or I would say the advancement of current MIMO systems and is one of the most promising wireless access technology to deliver the needs of 5G and 6G networks. Massive MIMO uses hundreds and sometimes even thousands of antennae at the base station, and it can serve tens of users simultaneously. The key here is the considerable amount of antenna array gain that we get with more antennas to provide you with higher spectral efficiency and higher throughput that each and every user needs these days. In the figure below, you can see that with more antennae, the downlink beam is more narrow and spatially focused toward the user as you keep increasing the number of antennae.
The key benefit we get is better energy and spectral efficiency. For outdoor users, it handles mobility and guarantees coverage. For indoor users, we don't need to put any base station inside the buildings because its beams are spatially focused toward each user.
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IEEE/ICACT20230176 Slide.04
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