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IEEE/ICACT20260235 Slide.04        [Big Slide]       [YouTube]	Oral Presentation
	Most existing blockchain-based supply chain systems focus on only partial objectives, such as traceability or anti-counterfeiting. However, no unified framework currently integrates counterfeit detection, profit verification, and recycling incentives into a single system. Additionally, forward and reverse supply chains are typically treated as separate processes, which prevents closed-loop lifecycle traceability. Finally, the lack of decentralized incentive mechanisms limits effective adoption of circular economy practices. These gaps clearly highlight the need for an integrated and holistic supply chain solution.

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