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This slide shows you how you can get more antenna directivity with more number of antennas. This concept has been there for the past 30 to 40 years, but no one ever exploited it. If you look at the figure on your left-hand side that is with the one antenna system, you can see that signal is spreading equally in all directions. If there is a user in this area, the user won't be getting a good signal strength.
If you look at the eight antenna system, that is the figure in the middle, you can see that now the signal strength is spatially focused towards the user that you can see here, and the user at this location is now getting good single strength, but the problem here would be you are seeing the substantial side lobes, that means if you user is around this area, they might be receiving a good amount of interference. If you look at the right-hand side figure that is 64 antenna systems, the beams have become narrower and narrower and more spatially focused towards the user. You can see here the signal strength is quite good for this user, and side lobes have almost diminished, which means even if a user is around this area might not receive much interference. So comparing all there, as you keep on increasing the antennas, beams become more narrow and narrower but with more antennae, there come many challenges. One of the major channels is user scheduling, which we'll be talking about next.
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IEEE/ICACT20230176 Slide.05
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