IEEE/ICACT20260223 Slide.05        [Big Slide]       Oral Presentation
Most existing studies rely on simulations or controlled laboratory experiments, with limited real-world field evaluations in dense urban environments. This study addresses that gap by conducting field-based performance measurements at Sukhbaatar Square in Ulaanbaatar during peak traffic hours, comparing IFOM, ATSSS, ANDSF, and LBO using QoS, VoIP MOS, Wi-Fi channel utilization, and 5G sector load reduction metrics.

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