IEEE/ICACT20260329 Slide.05        [Big Slide]       [YouTube] Oral Presentation
Lets now examine the basics of parallelism strategies. Data parallelism replicates models but requires high-bandwidth All-Reduce operations, while tensor parallelism splits operations but needs ultra-low latency. Pipeline parallelism, or PP, is more suitable for inter-DC settings due to lower communication volume, as it only transfers activations between stages. Here is a comparison table of parallelism techniques:

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