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However, we also know that inefficiency in CoAP arises in the separate response mode, where the server replies to a clients CON request with an Empty ACK and later transmits the actual response. In lossy or congested wireless environments, Empty ACK messages may be delayed or lost. This results in clients triggering unnecessary retransmissions. By the time the original response finally arrives, redundant responses have been generated, inflating network latency, increasing energy consumption, and wasting scarce bandwidth resources. These inefficiencies are particularly detrimental in dense IoT deployments, where nodes operate on limited battery power and bandwidth, and deterministic latency is crucial for real-time or mission¡© critical applications
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IEEE/ICACT20260196 Slide.06
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