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IEEE/ICACT20250024 Slide.10        [Big Slide]	Oral Presentation
	5G non-standalone (NSA) deployment utilizes dual connectivity, integrating 4G standard elements from Release 12. It operates through a 4G infrastructure where an eNodeB serves as the main base station, while 5G communication is handled by a secondary gNodeB station working with the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC) [15]. Research shows that NSA deployment enables rapid 5G service implementation at reduced costs compared to standalone solutions. This approach is particularly beneficial for developing countries, as it helps bridge the digital divide while offering innovative solutions for rural areas and regions affected by terrorist activities.

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