IEEE/ICACT20260208 Slide.10        [Big Slide]       Oral Presentation
And the pseudonym is updated at the end of each federated learning epoch to reduce long term linkability while preserving conditional traceability. First vehicle sends a Change request and the server validates the binding certificate, verifies ownership via signature, checks that the new HID has not been used. If all checks pass, the server records a changetx. So, External observers cannot directly link old and new pseudonyms and the server can trace when legitimate investigation is required.

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