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To ensure the integrity of our dataset, we applied a strict validation process. First, we enforced a 50% threshold: any sample that did not receive a malicious verdict from at least half of the vendors was discarded as benign. Crucially, we implemented a fail-safe against vendor bias. Since many antivirus products, such as GData or Emsisoft, rely on the same underlying engines (like Bitdefender), we consolidated these into a single weighted vote to effectively prevent voting inflation. We also completely excluded multi-engine aggregators like Qihoo 360 to ensure that our final consensus score reflected independent verification rather than redundant data. |
IEEE/ICACT20260232 Slide.11
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