IEEE/ICACT20260287 Slide.11        [Big Slide]       [YouTube] Oral Presentation
Here is a short comparison with the existing works as Traditional rule-based methods rely on static checks and blacklisting, which can cause network instability. Heavy machine learning approaches require large datasets and high computation. Our approach is lightweight, real-time, and spoof-resistant due to sketch-based profiling and cross-layer verification.

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