IEEE/ICACT20260208 Slide.12        [Big Slide]       Oral Presentation
And Chained HotStuff is a pipelined BFT protocol where blocks are linked by quorum certificates, and finalization is typically based on a 3-chain QC relation. However, in IoV-FL, the leader is still on the critical path: collecting votes, forming QCs, and driving each next proposal. That creates a leader bottleneck and waiting time at replicas.So we need a CHS variant that offloads leader-heavy work and allows more parallel progress

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