IEEE/ICACT20260314 Slide.12        [Big Slide]       [YouTube] Oral Presentation
This slide shows the F1-score for each modulation type. We observe that simpler modulation schemes, such as CPFSK, GFSK, and PAM4, benefit from sparse attention, indicating that local temporal context is sufficient. In contrast, more complex modulations, such as QAM16 and QAM64, require global context and perform best with baseline attention. Analog modulations, particularly WBFM, remain challenging for all attention mechanisms.

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