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QUSOL-FD experiences lower service time compared to the MIPMDRP as QUSOL-FD assigns multiple orders to a transfer vehicle not only based on its carrying capacity but also considering the location of pickup points of the orders which minimizes the service time. In Fig. 4(b), the proposed QUSOL-FD obtains a higher proportion of increased inter-regional orders as the number of transfer vehicles increases, because with designated transfer vehicles and multiple meeting sites, it can serve a larger area with more customers.
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