IEEE/ICACT20260278 Slide.14        [Big Slide]       Oral Presentation
For performance evaluation, we use real civil aviation flight trajectories collected from a 3D air-defence surveillance radar. This dataset provides reliable real-world reference data under realistic operating conditions.All proposed methods are applied to the same dataset to ensure a fair comparison. Performance is evaluated using two metrics: Roughness, which measures trajectory stability, and RMSE, which measures estimation accuracy.The comparison includes all 32 proposed configurations, as well as the traditional centroid-based method as a baseline.

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