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we performed a simulation of the influence and effect of large commercial facilities on the city.
The figures present changes in population movement and transport within cities before (scenario 1) and after (scenario 2) large commercial facilities.
The simulation results showed that when large commercial facilities are located in a specific area, the population of that area increases by up to 1.5 times, and carbon emission increases by up to 1.2 times due to the increase of personal vehicle traffic.
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