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Research on CoAP retransmission and reliability control can be broadly classified into several technical directions, each addressing a specific performance aspect but leaving gaps in adaptability and duplication mitigation(Issue or problem not addressed).
Early CoAP implementations static or exponential backoff timers [4], fail to capture variable delay charac?teristics in dynamic wireless networks.
Later studies adopted adaptive timers based on RTT estimation and variance mod?eling [1O].
For example, timer calculation was optimized for Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) [11]
However, such approaches impose additional computational overhead and memory requirements that are unsuitable for constrained nodes.
To address this, our approach introduces a single? parameter EWMA model that achieves timer adaptability with minimal complexity and bounded RTO limits.
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