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This figure shows the representative elevation angle trajectories obtained by all evaluated methods for three different targets.Overall, all methods capture the general elevation trend; however, noticeable differences appear in trajectory smoothness and stability.Some configurations exhibit abrupt fluctuations and spikes, especially during maneuvering phases, while the proposed best method produces a smoother and more consistent elevation trajectory.These visual results are consistent with the quantitative analysis, confirming that the proposed cluster representation improves both estimation stability and accuracy. |