|
• - In this research, we introduced a broadband on-chip antenna array designed to operate in the D-band. This antenna was developed using TSMC's 180 nm CMOS process. The simulation results indicate that at 141 GHz, the antenna achieves a maximum gain of -5.95 dBi and has a simulated bandwidth percentage of 43.2%, covering frequencies from 124 GHz to 192.4 GHz. In practical measurements, the bandwidth was found to be 36.5%, spanning from 140 GHz to 202.5 GHz. This antenna has potential applications in various fields, including Smart cities, smart homes, electronic healthcare, intelligent transportation systems, and smart factories, as referenced in studies 11 to 13. |