IEEE/ICACT20260142 Slide.17        [Big Slide]       Oral Presentation
Level shifts represent lasting changes in mean or variance, commonly seen after software upgrades or configuration updates in CHF or PCF components. To detect them, we start with PELT method to locate change points, then statistically validate using the Mann-Whitney U test. The test computes U as the minimum of Ua and Ub, derived from sample sizes and rank sums, confirming significant differences between segments. This statistical check ensures were spotting persistent shifts, like post-upgrade CPU spikes, which could lead to SLO violations if ignored.

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