IEEE/ICACT20260223 Slide.17        [Big Slide]       Oral Presentation
The results show that ATSSS delivers the best overall performance, achieving the highest QoS and MOS and making it ideal for dense urban traffic conditions. IFOM provides strong flow-level control but comes with higher implementation overhead, while ANDSF and LBO remain effective options for simpler or edge-localized use cases. Overall, intelligent 5G/Wi-Fi integration significantly reduces network congestion and improves service continuity and user experience in urban environments.

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