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This figure compares the elevation angle estimation obtained by the best proposed method, the traditional centroid method, and the worst configuration, against the ground truth for three targets.We observe that the worst method exhibits significant fluctuations and large deviations from the reference, especially during dynamic phases.The centroid-based method improves stability but still shows noticeable bias and tracking delay.In contrast, the proposed best method closely follows the ground truth, providing both smoother trajectories and higher accuracy across all targets.This visual comparison clearly confirms the quantitative RMSE and roughness improvements. |
IEEE/ICACT20260278 Slide.17
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