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Geometric-based representation considers the shape information (in-transient features, e.g., facial points or locations of eyebrows, eyes, the mouth, the nose) explicitly and ignores the texture. Most geometric feature-based approaches use the active appearance model (AAM) or its variations, to track a dense set of facial points.
Appearance-based representation, on the other hand, uses the intensity values or the pixels that refer to the textural changes, such as wrinkles and furrows. The techniques adopted as an Appearance-based include Local binary pattern (LBP), scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), histograms of oriented gradients (HOG), Gabor wavelet representation, and principal component analysis (PCA). |