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Conclusion
In this study, we proposed an AI-driven smishing detection model for Android devices, leveraging TinyBERT for feature extraction and Aquila Optimization (AO) for hyperparameter tuning.
The model was trained on a publicly available SMS dataset from Kaggle, with rigorous preprocessing to improve message clarity. Visualization of TinyBERT embeddings using t-SNE demonstrated clear feature separability between legitimate and spam messages.
The optimized model achieved superior performance, with 96.81% accuracy, 96.76% precision, 96.81% recall, and a 96.71% F1 score, outperforming standard models like GRU, LSTM, and SVM.
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