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In conclusion, we have shown that ONU power increases with traffic only until 200–300 Mbps before saturating, invalidating linear assumptions. We developed and validated a logarithmic model with strong statistical metrics. This is the first empirical study using live GPON infrastructure in Brunei with a custom high-resolution meter. Looking ahead, future work could extend to machine learning predictive frameworks, multi-vendor ONU comparisons, integration with femtocell energy models, and long-term deployment optimization strategies. We extend our sincere thanks to Unified National Networks Brunei and Universiti Teknologi Brunei for their invaluable support |