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To conclude, this work proposes a scalable and secure framework for federated learning in IoV.Our design combines deterministic stack-script verification at RSUs, on-chain HID–public key binding for conditional privacy and traceability, and committee-based Chained HotStuff for scalable consensus.
In evaluation, C-CHS consistently improves both throughput and latency compared with PBFT and original CHS, with larger gains at higher node counts.
A remaining limitation is committee-internal communication overhead.
As future work, we plan to develop a more efficient committee communication mechanism than the gossip protocol and to introduce reputation-based committee election.
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