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Then, PDR versus the fraction of mobile nodes. When all nodes are static, all protocols do well. But as mobility increases, OLSRs performance drops sharply due to outdated routes. GPSR also declines. Improved GPSR handles mobility better than GPSR. However, APID maintains the highest delivery rate, surpassing GPSR by thirty-three percent on average. This demonstrates the effectiveness of our self-decision location diffusion in tracking mobile destinations and our angle-based forwarding in choosing stable next-hops amidst movement. |