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In conclusion, to address the critical challenges of mobility, energy, and unstable links in multi-UUV networks, we have proposed the APID routing protocol. Its core innovations are: an adaptive beacon interval, a demand-driven location information diffusion strategy, a confidence and angle-based forwarder selection algorithm, and a void-handling packet buffer. Simulation results confirm that APID significantly improves packet delivery rate and reduces average energy consumption compared to existing protocols, making it a highly suitable solution for underwater mobile swarms. |