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A higher 𝛼 increases sensitivity to short-term fluctuations but risks instability, while a larger 𝜅 provides a conservative buffer against sudden latency spikes.
These parameters were selected to balance stability and responsiveness, matching the processing capacity of low-power CoAP clients.
This exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA)¡© based estimator enables the client to predict the most likely ACK delay without maintaining large historical datasets or performing heavy computations.
In lossy networks, delayed responses can arrive after the clients retransmission timer expires.
In such cases, the default CoAP behavior would treat the delay as a packet loss, leading to redundant retransmissions and duplicate responses.
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IEEE/ICACT20260196 Slide.23
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