ICACT20240058 Slide.19
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Thanks for listening.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.18
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Ｒeferences.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.17
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This is ours references.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.16
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This research suggests a Ka-band chip antenna with a slot antenna-like structure that can be produced using the TSMC 0.18- micrometers CMOS technology process. The CMOS on-chip antenna measures 1150 by 1000 square micrometers. Through the simulations and measurements, the antenna’s simulated frequency range of 25-38 GHz with a bandwidth percentage of 52% and an antenna gain of approximately -6 dBi, satisfying the reflection coefficient standard below -10 dB. The measured data demonstrates a bandwidth range of 18.8-32.5 GHz with a bandwidth percentage of 54.8%. In order to raise the antenna bandwidth and antenna gain performance and realize diversified applications, it will be possible to study the development and impact of various CMOS processes on chip antennas in the future.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.15
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At the end, we present our conclusions and outlook.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.14
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Ｗe delve into the 2D radiation patterns of our on-chip antenna, as seen in Figure 8. This diagram provides a clear representation of how the antenna performs in the xz-plane and yz-plane at 26 GHz. It's imperative to note the distinctive patterns indicating the directionality of the antenna's radiation. The red and blue lines represent the simulated theta and phi components, respectively, which are fundamental to the antenna's operation.
Advancing to Figure 9, we observe the 3D radiation pattern at the same frequency. This visualization allows us to appreciate the antenna's performance from a broader perspective. Notably, at 26 GHz, we see that the radiation is uniformly distributed directly above the chip antenna, a testament to the precision engineering behind this design. The concentration of radiation energy is highly focused, with no divergence, which is key for achieving high-efficiency transmission and reception. This level of detail in the radiation pattern underscores the antenna's capability to deliver a strong and clear signal in its designated direction, which is crucial for high-frequency applications.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.13
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The CMOS antenna's surface at a frequency of 26 GHz, which is a critical parameter for antenna performance. As shown in Figure 7, the current is primarily concentrated at the antenna's feeding location, crucial for efficient radiation. The interaction between the antenna and its surroundings, as well as the coupling with the Metal 1 ground plane, play a significant role in achieving the desired bandwidth. This slide highlights the uniformity of the current distribution, indicating a well-designed antenna capable of providing consistent performance across its operating bandwidth. The even distribution of current also implies effective coupling and minimal losses, essential for maintaining signal integrity at high frequencies.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.12
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The measurement results alongside the simulation data for our antenna's performance are shown here. The measured S11 values, as displayed in Figure 5, indicate a slight deviation from the simulation at lower frequencies. Our 38 GHz slot chip antenna design maintains a reflection coefficient well below the -10dB threshold across a bandwidth from 18.8 to 32.5 GHz. Despite its compact footprint of 1150 by 1000 square micrometers, it achieves an effective reflection band, thanks to the ground layer M1 which employs the slot effect to enhance gain. While direct measurement of the gain for a mmW patch antenna is currently beyond our instrumentation's capabilities, simulations suggest a gain of approximately -7dBi, as demonstrated in Figure 6. This simulated gain reaffirms the antenna's suitability for advanced millimeter-wave applications.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.11
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The equipment central to the measurement of our chip antenna is the Network Analyzer, Keysight N5247A, which provides a measurement bandwidth from 10 MHz to 67 GHz. This range is essential to fully characterize our antenna's performance across the intended frequencies. For precise data analysis, we employ Cascade WinCal XE and Agilent IC-CAP software, integral for ensuring accurate results. Figure 4 showcases our measurement environment architecture, a setup reflecting the rigorous standards we adhere to in our research.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.10
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As we examine the results of our work, we present an innovative antenna design on-chip intended for the millimeter-wave (mmW) frequency band of fifth-generation mobile communication. Figure 3 offers a micrograph of the proposed chip antenna, showcasing its precise and compact structure. During the measurement process, we placed the on-chip antenna on a signal source platform with the aid of a suction pen, feeding the chip antenna through a GSG RF probe that connects externally to a network analyzer. Prior to the actual measurements, we ensured accuracy through LRRM calibration and verification using microstrip lines for Thru, Open, and Short tests. It is only after confirming all verifications within the acceptable range of errors that we proceeded with the chip measurement, ensuring the data we present is both reliable and valid for application in the real world.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.09
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In this section, we present the results of our experiments.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.08
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Our slot antenna design, as shown in Figure 2 and detailed in Table 1, features a chip antenna with an exact geometric structure, measuring only 1150 by 1000 square micrometers. This compact design has demonstrated significant effects in our simulations, with a return loss of less than -10 dB across a wide frequency range from 24 to 37 GHz. Later in our briefing, as highlighted in Figure 5, we will showcase a key performance indicator where the reflection coefficient drops to as low as -18dB at 31 GHz. Additionally, Figure 6 will illustrate our antenna's gain performance, peaking at -7 dBi around 40 GHz. These results not only demonstrate the technical prowess of our design but also its strong potential for high-frequency applications.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.07
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Ｗe delve into the sophisticated design of our on-chip wideband antenna developed for the 38 GHz millimeter-wave frequency band. This antenna utilizes state-of-the-art CMOS technology, ensuring precise functionality within the compact on-chip environment. The antenna structure is composed of Metal6 with a thickness of 2.34 micrometers, which forms the main body of the antenna. Additionally, a bottom layer made of Metal1 with a thickness of 0.53 micrometers serves as the grounding element. As depicted in Figure 1, the layered structure is a critical aspect of the antenna's design, allowing for effective signal propagation and reception at high frequencies.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.06
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In this section, we provide an in-depth introduction to our antenna design.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.05
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We present a broadband on-chip array antenna designed for the Ka-band, utilizing sophisticated CMOS technology. Our antenna achieves a notable reflection coefficient of -18 dB at 31 GHz with a peak gain of -7 dBi. It consistently maintains a reflection coefficient below -10dB across a wide frequency range from 18.8 GHz to 32.5 GHz. This performance qualifies the antenna for critical 5G mobile communication applications within the millimeter-wave frequency band.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.04
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Antennas play a vital role in communication systems and can be used to send and receive signals, improving communication quality by compensating for propagation losses. Due to the higher frequency range used in mmW or future terahertz (THz) applications, the antennas used are very small in size. Furthermore, with the development of high system integration, mmW antenna and feed circuit technologies have become increasingly mature, making chip antennas a favorable choice.
In our research, highlighted in [5], we explore how chip antennas achieve high gain and wide bandwidth. A notable feature of our design is the application of a pair of switches, enabling frequency reconfigurability and enhancing bandwidth. We use CMOS technology with high resistivity to improve gain. Additionally, our chip integrates a spherical dielectric resonator and is excited by an on-chip annular resonator. The inclusion of two vertical microstrip line feeds is key to increasing bandwidth, as further detailed in [6].
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ICACT20240058 Slide.03
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The advent of 5G technology and the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) have propelled the need for more advanced antenna designs, especially in the Ka-band frequency range. This frequency band, known for its high capacity and short wavelength, poses unique challenges and opportunities in antenna design. Our research addresses these challenges by exploring the feasibility and efficiency of Ka-band chip antennas. We aim to understand and overcome the limitations of current antenna technologies in this band, focusing on size, efficiency, and integration capabilities, which are crucial for the next generation of wireless communication systems.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.02
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In this section, we delve into the background of our research.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.01
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In this presentation, we'll explore key sections of our research. We begin with an Introduction, establishing the context for our study in the high-frequency antenna application domain. Then, in the Antenna Design section, I will discuss our approach in detail. The Results section will highlight the performance and potential applications of our design. Finally, we conclude with insights into the broader impact of our work and future directions in this field.
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ICACT20240058 Slide.00
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Hello everyone. I am Kai-Xiang Chen, a graduate student from the National Taipei University of Technology in Taiwan. Today, I am honored to present our latest research on 'Design of Ka-band Chip Antenna Based on Slot Antenna.' This work is a collaborative effort of our innovative Wireless Communication and Electromagnetic Applications Laboratory team, aiming to advance the field of high-frequency antenna technology.
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