 ICACT20210152 Slide.01
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Hi everybody, my name is En-tien Ma. For ICACT 2020, I have cooperated with two professors, Chi-cheng Yang and Da-Yu Kao, from Central Police University in Taiwan. Our presentation today is about an innovative social learning strategy to battle online child sexual abuse is proposed to reduce juvenile delinquency on the dark web. |
| ICACT20210152 Slide.02
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Outline |
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As cybercrime activity increasingly uses anonymous technologies, the dramatic growth of child sexual exploitations on the dark web has posed a challenge to law enforcement agencies. Data were gathered in 2019 and 2020 through face‐to‐face interviews with a juvenile in New Taipei City, Taiwan. This paper extends the application of social learning theory to online child sexual abuse behavior. Research testing Akers’s social learning theory has been confined to sexual offenses against children on the dark web. A social learning concept of differential association, definitions, imitation, and differential reinforcement is illustrated and supported by online child sexual abuse behavior findings. Before it occurs, preventing child sexual abuse has become a critical issue and necessary effort from all areas of society: family caring, school instruction, community-based treatment, and social values. |
| ICACT20210152 Slide.04
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It is easy for immature teenagers to browse the dark web or learn many criminal methodologies online. That has caused many juvenile delinquencies everywhere. The dark web makes it straightforward for criminals to use bitcoin transactions and coordinate together. That makes it difficult for the police to gather information regarding the buyer and the seller. Moreover, law enforcement officers on the dark web cannot effectively pursue crimes. The invisible feature is challenging for law enforcement agencies to face jurisdictional issues and pinpoint their traffic sources. The dark web is a hidden space for users to remain anonymous in the Internet’s encrypted browser, which is inaccessible through a standard search engine. That is difficult to track any breadcrumb trails for investigators but provides attractive access to illegal activities, such as sex trafficking, child pornography, illicit drugs, or counterfeit goods. |
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Akers's social learning theory believes that criminal or compliant behaviors are obtained and updated through people’s interactions. Behavior, conforming, or deviant was a function of its consequences. Their difference lies in the compliance or deviation of social influences.
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| ICACT20210152 Slide.06
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Data were gathered in 2019 and 2020 through face‐to‐face interviews with a juvenile in New Taipei City, Taiwan. This research extends the application of social learning theory to online child sexual abuse behavior. Research testing Akers' social learning theory has been confined to sexual offenses against children on the dark web. |
| ICACT20210152 Slide.07
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Figure 3 presents a Taiwan juvenile sexual abuse case after he browses the dark web. David Chen lived in a Taiwan low-income family with his father and grandmother. His parents were divorced when he was an infant. His father worked hard at the construction site and rarely took care of him. He usually borrowed his father's smartphone and computer. The computer history records showed his father's recent browsing erotic webs. Then he browsed the erotic web of his father's history records when he was 8-year-old. He utilized the TOR program to browse the dark web and watched sex films in his spare time. His father's domestic violence against him took several forms, including physical, verbal, and emotional abuse. He was scared of his father. Intergenerational education in families has a profound historical origin and becomes a critical issue in outdated ideas, spoiling a child, or pouring on excess praise. His grandmother cared for him and let him did anything he wanted. She rarely taught him about sexual knowledge. He likes his grandmother. He utilized the TOR program to surf the dark web and watched sex films at the home computer in his spare time. His classmate usually went to his home and watched sexual videos together. Since he was 8-year-old, he often dreamed about how to abuse others sexually, from girls to teachers. In his 11-year-old summer vacation, he raped a 5-year-old girl with his finger inserting the girl's vaginal at the lavatory of cram school. That made him go to juvenile courts for the follow-up compulsory corrections and treatments.
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Aker's social learning theory believes that almost all the results of learning from direct experience can be learned instead by observing others' actions and their consequences. Through observation and learning, individuals can obtain large-scale, comprehensive behavior patterns and define whether the behavior is ethical or unethical. His behavior lacked control in advance since his father neglected to limit his online activity. After browsing the dark web for a long time, he has committed sexual assault. His delinquent behavior is further observed in Figure 4 through the following four learning elements : differential association, definitions, imitation, and differential reinforcement.
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| ICACT20210152 Slide.09
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The individual's environment is likely to reinforce their specific behaviors. It is an urgent need to prevent children from learning juvenile delinquency from the dark web. A comprehensive correction strategy is proposed for policymakers to fight against criminal learning events on the dark web, where the bulk of unethical activities occur. The proposed innovative strategy for battling sexual offenses against children and reducing juvenile delinquency on the dark web is discussed and analyzed in Figure 4 from the following viewpoints: family caring, school instruction, community-based treatment, and social values.
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| ICACT20210152 Slide.10
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The parents of pre-school children will invisibly accept the adults' words and deeds when they are still young. Parents can instill immature children from their initial cognition, emotional understanding, or conscious judgments.
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Much of children's time is spent in classrooms. The deviant behaviors are connected with the poor academic performance of children's achievement at school. When juveniles have failing grades, causing trouble, or dropping out, there is a likelihood of juvenile delinquency problems. Schools and instructors can notice the learning environment to prevent students from committing juvenile delinquency. Children can learn their values, responsibilities, and attitudes in the school environment to make a smooth transition to adulthood and guide their behaviors from adolescence into the rest of their lives.
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Community-based treatment assists young offenders and promotes a consistent correction environment with the general social environment.
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| ICACT20210152 Slide.13
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The school can teach correct sexual concepts and strengthen the negative reinforcement of sexual juvenile delinquencies in young people's minds. Also, increasing online pornographic searches conducted by cyber policemen can add a public monitoring force. Furthermore, social media can spread correct values without sexually suggestive or discriminatory words. The Internet can be an effective mentor and cultivate humanitarian behaviors. That can make young people unwilling to violate society's universal values. Society can supervise social media and deepen the negative reinforcement of illegal pornography.
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| ICACT20210152 Slide.14
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As cybercrime activity increasingly uses encryption and anonymous technologies, the dark web's nature has to frustrate law enforcement agencies' tracking efforts. The hidden dark web presents a secure environment for proliferating hidden sexual markets. Due to the lack of technical capacity, legal constraints, poor international enforcement coordination, the dramatic growth of child sexual exploitation, weapons trafficking, and illicit substances on the dark web, it has posed a challenge to law enforcement agencies. It is a timely opportunity to deal with the increasingly complex sexual abuse market. Teenagers may redefine their minds and commit juvenile delinquencies if exposed to sexual videoes during childhood and adolescence. They are at the age of ignorance of juvenile delinquency. David Chen has not committed other juvenile delinquency for five years after improving his living environment. Related organizations can pay more attention to young people's care and transmit knowledge to correct their understanding of sex.
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| ICACT20210152 Slide.15
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR LISTENING.
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